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The demographics of Russia is about the demographic features of the population of the Russian Federation including population growth, population density, ethnic composition, education level, health, economic status and other aspects. According to an official estimate for 1 August 2015, the population of Russia is 146,400,000.〔http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B15_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk08/8-0.doc〕 Following the 2014 annexation of Crimea, over 98% of Crimea residents acquired Russian citizenship.〔(ФМС: 98% жителей Крыма получили российские паспорта ), BBC Russian〕 Russia's population has thus expanded by 2,294,110 people.〔(Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2015 года и в среднем за 2014 год ), Rosstat〕 As of 2014, Russian TFR of 1.750 children per woman〔(Russian Birth Rate above Regional Average ), Euromonitor International, retrieved on 26 March 2013.〕 was the highest in Eastern, Southern and Central Europe. In 2013, Russia experienced the first natural population growth since 1990 at 22,700 people. Taking into account immigration, the population grew by 294,500 people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Демография )〕 According to the 2010 census, ethnic Russian people make up 81% of the total population. This share remained steady over the last few decades. Six other ethnicities have a population exceeding 1 million – Tatars (3.9%), Ukrainians (1.4%), Bashkir (1.1%), Chuvash (1%), Chechens (1%) and Armenians (0.9%). In total, 160 different ethnic groups live within the Russian Federation's borders. Russia's population density is 8.4 people per square kilometre (22 per square mile), making it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. The population is most dense in the European part of the country, with milder climate, centering on Moscow and Saint Petersburg. 74% of the population is urban, making Russia a highly urbanized country. Russia is the only country in the world where more people are moving from cities to rural areas, with a deurbanisation rate of 0.2% in 2011, and it has been deurbanising since the mid-2000s. ==Main trends== The population of Russia peaked at 148,689,000 in 1991, just before the breakup of the Soviet Union. Low birth rates and abnormally high death rates caused Russia's population to decline at a 0.5% annual rate, or about 750,000 to 800,000 people per year from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. The UN warned in 2005 that Russia's then population of about 143 million could fall by a third by 2050, if trends did not improve.〔United Nations ECOSOC,(http://esa.un.org/unpp/ World Population Prospects: the 2008 Revision Population Database ), Medium variant.〕 The decline slowed considerably in the late 2000s, and in 2009 Russia recorded population growth for the first time in 15 years, adding 23,300 people.〔(2009 demographic figures ) Rosstat Retrieved on 18 February 2010〕〔 Key reasons for the slow current population growth are improving health care, changing fertility patterns among younger women, falling emigration and steady influx of immigrants from ex-USSR countries. In 2012, Russia's population increased by 292,400 people. The number of Russians living in poverty has decreased by 50% since the economic crisis following the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and the improving economy had a positive impact on the country's low birth rate. The latter rose from its lowest point of 8.27 births per 1000 people in 1999 to 13.3 per 1000 in 2014. Likewise, the fertility rate rose from its lowest point of 1.157 in 1999 to 1.750 in 2014. 2007 marked the highest growth in birth rates that the country had seen in 25 years, and 2009 marked the highest total birth rate since 1991.〔(Russian policies ignite unprecedented birth rate in 2007 ) The Economic Times 21 March 2008〕 While the Russian birth rate is comparable to that of developed countries, its death rate is much higher, especially among working-age males due to a comparatively high rate of fatalities caused by heart disease and other external causes such as accidents. The Russian death rate in 2010 was 14.3 per 1000 citizens. Current trends as of the mid 2010s include, growing birth rates, lower death rates and increasing migration from Ukraine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demographics of Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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